Aids Essays (2330 words) - HIVAIDS, Signs And Symptoms Of HIVAIDS

Aids Aids Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), suppresses the immune system related to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A person infected with HIV gradually loses immune function along with certain immune cells called CD4 T-lymphocytes or CD4 T-cells, causing the infected person to become vulnerable to pneumonia, fungus infections, and other common ailments. With the loss of immune function, a clinical syndrome (a group of various illnesses that together characterize a disease) develops over time and eventually results in death due to opportunistic infections (infections by organisms that do not normally cause disease except in people whose immune systems have been greatly weakened) or cancers. In the early 1980s deaths by opportunistic infections, previously observed mainly in organ transplant recipients receiving therapy to suppress their immune responses, were recognized in otherwise healthy homosexual men. In 1983, French cancer specialist Luc Montagnier and scientists at the Pasteur Institute in Paris isolated what appeared to be a new human retrovirus?a special type of virus that reproduces differently from other viruses?from the lymph node of a man at risk for AIDS. Nearly simultaneously, scientists working in the laboratory of American research scientist Robert Gallo at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland, and a group headed by American virologist Jay Levy at the University of California at San Francisco isolated a retrovirus from people with AIDS and individuals having contact with people with AIDS. All three groups of scientists isolated what is now known as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS. Infection with HIV does not necessarily mean that a person has AIDS, although people who are HIV-positive are often mistakenly said to have AIDS. In fact, a person can remain HIV-positive for more than ten years without developing any of the clinical illnesses that define and constitute a diagnosis of AIDS. In 1996 an estimated 22.6 million people worldwide were living with HIV or AIDS?21.8 million adults and 830,000 children. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that between 1981, when the first AIDS cases were reported, and the end of 1996, more than 8.4 million adults and children had developed AIDS. In this same period there were 6.4 million deaths worldwide from AIDS or HIV. About 360,000 of these deaths occurred in the United States. Clinical Progression of AIDS The progression from the point of HIV infection to the clinical diseases that define AIDS may take six to ten years or more. This progression can be monitored using surrogate markers (laboratory data that correspond to the various stages of disease progression) or clinical endpoints (illnesses associated with more advanced disease). Surrogate markers for the various stages of HIV infection include the declining number of CD4 T-cells, (the major type of white blood cell lost because of HIV infection). In general, the lower the infected person's CD4 T-cell count, the weaker the person's immune system and the more advanced the disease state. In 1996, it became evident that the actual amount of HIV in a person's blood?the so-called viral burden?could be used to predict the progression to Aids, regardless of a person's CD4 T-cell count. With advancing technology, Viral Burden Determinations are quickly becoming a standard means of patient testing. An infected person's immune response to the virus?that is, the person's ability to produce antibodies against HIV? can also be used to determine the progression ofAids; however, this surrogate marker is less precise during more advanced stages of AIDS because of the overall loss of immune function. Within one to three weeks after infection with HIV, most people experience nonspecific flulike symptoms such as fever, headache, skin rash, tender lymph nodes, and a vague feeling of discomfort. These symptoms last about one to two weeks. During this phase, known as the acute retroviral syndrome phase, HIV reproduces to very high concentrations in the blood, mutates (changes its genetic nature) frequently, circulates through the blood, and establishes infections throughout the body, especially in the lymphoid organs. The infected person's CD4 T-cell count falls briefly but then returns to near normal levels as the person's immune system responds to the infection. Individuals are thought to be highly infectious during this phase. Following the acute retroviral syndrome phase, infected individuals enter a prolonged asymptomatic phase?a symptom-free phase that can last ten

Free Essays on Baby Sitting

Racquel’s Human Development Speech Baby sitting is a very important job. It should be taken very seriously. Children of all ages will need to be babysat including infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and teenagers. I feel that preschoolers. I feel that preschoolers are the toughest age group to take care of. So today I’ll be talking to you about babysitting preschool age children. I have learned through experience that there are three main factors in caring for preschool age children: 1.) Keeping them entertained, 2.) Feeding them, and 3.) Keeping them clean. Some children are very hard to keep entertained. Others aren’t. I have found through encounters with preschoolers between the ages of 3-6 that they can be entertained easily if you have something for them to do that they like. All preschoolers like to color. Coloring is a very simple and easy task that will not cause confusion among children if you are sitting more then one child. Therefore suggest that every babysitter so carry a coloring book or two and a pack of coloring crayons. Another way to entertain children is by playing games together. Games like Candy Landâ„ ¢, Monopolyâ„ ¢, and Lifeâ„ ¢ are a couple of games that the sitter and children can enjoy together. Games like Basketball and Tee-Ball are also wonderful pastimes when you are babysitting. Riding bikes, skateboards, and scooters are also ways to entertain children. Just make sure that you take all the safety precautions necessary such as helmets and knee and elbow pads when needed. Another way to en tertain children is through music. All children of all ages enjoy music. There are tapes and CDs that you can buy that will be appropriate or children to listen to. The one thing that all children are interested in is television. There are a LOT of children networks on television like Nickelodeon, Disney, and PBS. These channels contain programs that all preschoolers and some teenagers will enjoy. These include... Free Essays on Baby Sitting Free Essays on Baby Sitting Racquel’s Human Development Speech Baby sitting is a very important job. It should be taken very seriously. Children of all ages will need to be babysat including infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and teenagers. I feel that preschoolers. I feel that preschoolers are the toughest age group to take care of. So today I’ll be talking to you about babysitting preschool age children. I have learned through experience that there are three main factors in caring for preschool age children: 1.) Keeping them entertained, 2.) Feeding them, and 3.) Keeping them clean. Some children are very hard to keep entertained. Others aren’t. I have found through encounters with preschoolers between the ages of 3-6 that they can be entertained easily if you have something for them to do that they like. All preschoolers like to color. Coloring is a very simple and easy task that will not cause confusion among children if you are sitting more then one child. Therefore suggest that every babysitter so carry a coloring book or two and a pack of coloring crayons. Another way to entertain children is by playing games together. Games like Candy Landâ„ ¢, Monopolyâ„ ¢, and Lifeâ„ ¢ are a couple of games that the sitter and children can enjoy together. Games like Basketball and Tee-Ball are also wonderful pastimes when you are babysitting. Riding bikes, skateboards, and scooters are also ways to entertain children. Just make sure that you take all the safety precautions necessary such as helmets and knee and elbow pads when needed. Another way to en tertain children is through music. All children of all ages enjoy music. There are tapes and CDs that you can buy that will be appropriate or children to listen to. The one thing that all children are interested in is television. There are a LOT of children networks on television like Nickelodeon, Disney, and PBS. These channels contain programs that all preschoolers and some teenagers will enjoy. These include...

Summery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Summery - Essay Example In essence, plastics are cheaper, sturdier but non-biodegradable. Meanwhile, paper is biodegradable, organic but expensive to make and recycle. Advocates for both sides continue to argue their cases but everyone agrees that the best way to solve this problem is to BYOB: Bring Your Own Bag. NY did so when the eco-friendly â€Å"I am not a plastic bag† totes made by Anya Hindmarch from UK hit the stores, making BYOB a must-do and must-see by Yankees. It only goes to show that when fashion leads the way, everybody follows. The people of Boac, Marinduque will always remember March 24, 1996. It was the fateful day when a poorly plugged drainage pipe burst and more than three million tons of mine tailings inundated the river. The rising flood spilled over the farms and residential areas causing irreparable damage to their homes, livelihood, source of food, irrigation and water. Many people survived but the Boac River did not. The local community knew who to blame for the tragedy: Marcopper Mining Corp. The villagers hold the company accountable for their irresponsibility and even suspect that it had been doing illegal activities during its operations. With the support of the national government, NGOs and other civil organizations, the community expediently filed a lawsuit against Marcopper Mining Corp. and its major shareholder, Placer Dome Inc., a Canadian firm. Marcopper had been digging for copper only a few years but its parent company, Placer Dome has been mining gold there since 1970. In 1998, it posted profits amounting to 105 million US dollars and was among the top five gold mining industries in the world. Placer Dome owns some 14 mines all over the globe, among them Marcopper Mining. But even with such high acclaims, Placer has been allegedly involved not only causing environmental disasters in the countries of United